Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr 

Niels Henrik David Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen on Gregorian calendar month seven, 1885, because the son of Christian Niels Bohr, faculty member of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his partner Ellen, née Adler. Niels, in conjunction with his younger brother Harald (the future faculty member in Mathematics), grew up in an environment most favorable to the event of his genius - his father was AN eminent life scientist and was mostly answerable for wakening his interest in physics whereas still at college, his mother came from a family distinguished within the field of education.

After matric at the Gammelholm synchronic linguistics faculty in 1903, he entered Copenhagen University wherever he came below the steerage of faculty member C. Christiansen, a deeply original and extremely blessed with man of science, and took his academic degree in Physics in 1909 and his academic degree in 1911.

While still a student, the announcement by the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen of a prize to be awarded for the answer of a particular scientific downside, caused him to require up AN experimental and theoretical investigation of the physical phenomenon by means that of periodic  fluid jets. This work, that he disbursed in his father's laboratory and that he received the prize offered (a gold medal), was revealed within the Transactions of the honorary society, 1908.

Bohr's succeeding studies, however, became a lot of and a lot of theoretical in character, his doctor's disputation being a strictly theoretical piece of labor on the reason of the properties of the metals with the help of the negatron theory, that remains to the current day a classic on the topic. it absolutely was during this work that Niels Bohr was 1st confronted with the implications of Planck's scientific theory of radiation.

In the fall of 1911 he created a reside Cambridge, wherever he profited by following the experimental work happening within the Cavendish Laboratory below Sir J.J. Thomson's steerage, at an equivalent time as he pursued own theoretical studies. within the spring of 1912 he was at add faculty member Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester, wherever simply in those years such AN intensive scientific life and activity prevailed as a consequence of that investigator's basic inquiries into the radioactive  phenomena. Having there disbursed a theoretical piece of labor on the absorption of alpha rays that was revealed within the Philosophical Magazine, 1913, he passed on to a study of the structure of atoms on the idea of Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus. By introducing conceptions borrowed from the scientific theory as established by Planck, that had bit by bit return to occupy a distinguished position within the science of theoretical physics, he succeeded in understanding and presenting an image of atomic structure that, with later enhancements (mainly as a results of Heisenberg's ideas in 1925), still appropriately is AN elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the weather.

In 1913-1914 Niels Bohr command a berth in Physics at Copenhagen University and in 1914-1916 an analogous appointment at the Victoria University in Manchester. In 1916 he was appointed faculty member of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University, and since 1920 (until his death in 1962) he was at the pinnacle of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, established for him at that university.

Recognition of his work on the structure of atoms came with the award of the accolade for 1922.

Bohr's activities in his Institute were since 1930 a lot of and a lot of directed to analysis on the constitution of the atomic nuclei, and of their transmutations and disintegrations. In 1936 he detected that in nuclear processes the size of the region within which interactions happen, likewise because the strength of those interactions, justify the transition processes to be delineate a lot of in a very classical method than within the case of atoms (Cf.  »Neutron capture and nuclear constitution«, Nature, 137 (1936) 344).

A liquid drop would, per this read, provides a superb image of the nucleus. This alleged liquid driblet theory permissible the understanding of the mechanism of fission, once the cacophonic of metal was discovered by chemist and Strassmann, in 1939, and shaped the idea of vital theoretical studies during this field (among others, by Frisch and Meitner).

Bohr conjointly contributed to the clarification of the issues encountered in physical science, especially by developing the conception of complementarity. herewith he may show however deeply the changes within the field of physics have affected basic options of our scientific outlook and the way the implications of this modification of perspective reach so much on the far side the scope of nuclear physics and wear down all domains of human information. These views square measure mentioned in a very variety of essays, written throughout the years 1933-1962. they're on the market in English, collected in 2 volumes with the title nuclear physics and Human information and Essays 1958-1962 on nuclear physics and Human information, altered by John Wiley and Sons, the big apple and London, in 1958 and 1963, severally.

Among faculty member Bohr's various writings (some one hundred fifteen publications), 3 showing as books within the English is also mentioned here as embodying his principal thoughts: the idea of Spectra and Atomic Constitution, University Press, Cambridge, 1922/2nd. ed., 1924; Atomic Theory and also the Description of Nature, University Press, Cambridge, 1934/reprint 1961; The Unity of information, Doubleday & Co., New York, 1955.

During the Nazi occupation of Scandinavian nation in war II, Niels Bohr at large to Sweden and spent the last 2 years of the war in England and America, wherever he became related to the energy Project. In his later years, he devoted his work to the peaceful application of nuclear physics and to political issues arising from the event of atomic weapons. especially, he advocated a development towards full openness between nations. His views square measure particularly set forth in his letter to the UN, June 9, 1950.

Until the tip, Bohr's mind remained alert as ever; throughout the previous few years of his life he had shown keen interest within the new developments of biological science. the most recent formulation of his thoughts on the matter of Life appeared in his final (unfinished) article, revealed once his death: "Licht und Leben-noch einmal", Naturwiss., fifty (1963) 72: (in English: "Light and Life revisited", ICSU Rev., five ( 1963) 194).

Niels Bohr was President of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, of the Danish Cancer Committee, and Chairman of the Danish energy Commission. He was a far off Member of the honorary society (London), the Royal establishment, and Academies in national capital, Berlin, Bologna, Boston, Göttingen, national capital, Budapest, München, Oslo, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, Uppsala, Vienna, Washington, Harlem, Moscow, Trondhjem, Halle, Dublin, Liege, and Cracow. He was Doctor, honoris legal proceeding, of the subsequent universities, colleges, and institutes: (1923-1939) - Cambridge, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Kiel, Providence, California, Oslo, Birmingham, London; (1945-1962) - university (Paris), Princeton, Mc. Gill (Montreal), Glasgow, Aberdeen, Athens, Lund, New York, Basel, Aarhus, Macalester (St. Paul), Minnesota, Roosevelt (Chicago, Ill.), Zagreb, Technion (Haifa), Bombay, Calcutta, Warsaw, Brussels, Harvard, Cambridge (Mass.), and John D. Rockefeller (New York).

Professor Niels Bohr was married, in 1912, to Margrethe Nørlund, WHO was for him a perfect companion. they'd six sons, of whom they lost two; the opposite four have created distinguished careers in varied professions - Hans Henrik (M.D.), Erik (chemical engineer), Aage (Ph.D., theoretical man of science, following his father as Director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics), Ernest (lawyer).

Niels Bohr died in Copenhagen on November 18, 1962.